shaken out

ex-cŭtĭo, cussi, cussum, 3 (archaic perf. subj. excussit, for excusserit, Plaut. Bacch. 4, 2, 16), v. a. [quatio], to shake out or off, to cast out, drive out, to send forth (class., esp. in the trop. sense).

Lit.

In gen.:

posse ex his (litteris) in terram excussis annales Ennii, ut deinceps legi possint, effici,

shaken out, Cic. N. D. 2, 37, 94:

equus excussit equitem,

threw off, Liv. 8, 7, 10:

excussus equo,

Verg. A. 11, 640:

excussus curru,

id. ib. 10, 590; Suet. Caes. 37; Curt. 3, 11; cf.:

lectis excussit utrumque,

Hor. S. 2, 6, 112:

gubernatorem in mare e puppi,

Curt. 4, 4 med.; cf.

also: ancora ictu ipso excussa e nave sua,

Liv. 37, 30, 9:

lapide clavum,

to knock off, Plaut. Men. 1, 1, 10:

pulvis digitis excutiendus erit,

Ov. A. A. 1, 150:

poculum e manibus,

Pers. 3, 101:

ignem de crinibus,

to shake off, Ov. M. 12, 281:

rem de manu alicujus,

to strike out, Dig. 47, 2, 53, § 13:

Pelion subjectā Ossā (Juppiter),

Ov. M. 1, 155:

poma venti,

to cast down, shake down, id. ib. 14, 764 et saep.:

ne nucifrangibula (i. e. dentes) excussit ex malis meis,

to knock out, Plaut. Bacch. 4, 2, 16; cf.:

cerebrum alicui,

id. Capt. 3, 4, 69; id. Aul. 2, 1, 29:

oculum alicui cyatho, verberibus,

id. Pers. 5, 2, 16; Suet. Tib. 53; cf.:

oculo excusso,

id. Caes. 68: ipso cum domino calce omnes excutiamus, to drive out or forth, Lucil. ap. Non. 298, 33:

Teucros vallo,

Verg. A. 9, 68:

hostem oppidis et regionibus,

Flor. 2, 6, 42:

ab obsidione Nolae urbis (with pellere a Campania),

id. ib. 29:

feras cubilibus,

to scare, rouse up, Plin. Pan. 81, 1:

si flava excutitur Chloë,

be shaken off, cast off, Hor. C. 3, 9, 19:

(viros) excussos patriā infesta sequi,

Verg. A. 7, 299:

ut me excutiam atque egrediar domo,

take myself off, decamp, Ter. Ph. 4, 1, 20:

quartanas,

to drive away, Plin. 20, 6, 23, § 56 et saep.:

(leo) gaudet comantes Excutiens cervice toros,

shaking about, shaking, Verg. A. 12, 7; cf. Quint. 11, 3, 71:

caesariem,

Ov. M. 4, 492:

pennas,

id. ib. 6, 703:

habenas,

id. ib. 5, 404; cf.:

nares inflare et movere... et pulso subito spiritu excutere, etc.,

to blow up, dilate, Quint. 11, 3, 80:

se (gallinae edito ovo),

Plin. 10, 41, 57, § 116:

tela,

to hurl, discharge, Tac. A. 2, 20; cf. Curt. 8, 13:

fulmen in Thebas,

Stat. Th. 10, 69:

excussaque brachia jacto,

tossed, Ov. M. 5, 596; id. H. 18, 189:

(aër) Excussit calidum flammis velocibus ignem,

sends out, produces, Lucr. 6, 688; cf. id. 6, 161: largum imbrem (procellae), Curt. 4, 7:

lacrimas alicui,

Plaut. Capt. 2, 3, 59; Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 15:

vomitum alicui,

Plaut. Merc. 3, 3, 15:

sudorem,

Nep. Eum. 5 et saep.— Transf.:

excutior somno,

I am roused from sleep, Verg. A. 2, 302; Ov. H. 13, 111; Hor. S. 2, 6, 112.—

In partic., to shake out, shake.

Esp. a garment, to free it from dust:

vexatam solo vestem,

Petr. 128, 4; Vulg. Act. 18, 6; cf.:

excutere de pulvere,

shake yourself, Vulg. Isa. 52, 2; and:

pulverem de pedibus,

id. Matt. 10, 14.—

To stir, move any thing to see under it; and hence, to search, examine a person: St. Di me perdant, si ego tui quicquam abstuli. Eu. Agedum, excutedum pallium, Plaut. Aul. 4, 4, 19; so,

culcitisque et stragulis praetentatis et excussis,

Suet. Claud. 35.—With personal objects: excutiuntur tabellarii, Asin. Poll. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 31, 4; cf.:

verum (porcellum) ut subesse pallio contenderent Et excuti juberent,

Phaedr. 5, 5, 19:

non excutio te, si quid forte ferri habuisti: non scrutor,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 34, 97.

Trop.

In gen., to shake out or off, force away, etc.:

omnes istorum delicias, omnes ineptias,

to shake off, discard, Cic. Cael. 28, 67:

noli aculeos orationis meae, qui reconditi sunt, excussos arbitrari,

plucked out, removed, id. Sull. 16, 47:

omnia ista nobis studia de manibus excutiuntur,

are torn, wrested from our hands, id. Mur. 14, 30; cf.:

hanc excutere opinionem mihimet volui radicitus,

id. Tusc. 1, 46, 111:

severitatem veterem,

id. Fam. 9, 10, 2; cf.

also: excutient tibi istam verborum jactationem,

id. Sull. 8, 24:

excute corde metum,

remove, banish, Ov. M. 3, 689:

diros amores,

id. ib. 10, 426:

orbem paci excutere,

to banish peace from the world, Luc. 1, 69:

omnis quae erat conceptae mentis intentio mora et interdum iracundia excutitur,

Quint. 10, 3, 20:

quem (Senecam) non equidem omnino conabar excutere,

id. 10, 1, 126:

aliena negotia curo, excussus propriis,

Hor. S. 2, 3, 20:

dummodo risum excutiat sibi,

can raise, produce, id. ib. 1, 4, 35. —

In partic. (acc. to I. B.), to search, examine, inspect, investigate:

explicando excutiendoque verbo,

Cic. Part. Or. 36, 134; cf.: pervulgata atque in manibus jactata et excussa, qs. shaken out, i. e. examined, id. Mur. 12. 26:

illud excutiendum est, ut sciatur quid sit carere,

id. Tusc. 1, 36, 88:

quae fere omnia Cicero in crimine veneficii excutit,

Quint. 5, 7, 37; 12, 8, 13:

totum locum,

id. 5, 7, 6:

aut conjecturā excutiuntur, an vera sint, etc.,

id. 5, 13, 19 et saep.— Hence, excussus, a, um, P. a., stretched out, extended, stiff (post-Aug. and rare):

interest, utrum tela excusso lacerto torqueantur, an remissa manu effluant,

Sen. Ben. 2, 6; so,

lacerto,

Ov. H. 4, 43:

palma excussissima,

Petr. 95.— Adv.: excussē, strongly, violently:

mittere pilam (with rigide, opp. languidius),

Sen. Ben. 2, 17, 4.

* * *

quătĭo, no perf., quassum, 3, v. a. [Sanscr. root, cyu-, to move, set in motion; cf. Gr. skeuos, instrument; skeuazô, to prepare], to shake (class.; syn.: concutio, convello).

Lit.

In gen., Fest. p. 261 Müll.:

cum equus magnā vi caput quateret,

Liv. 8, 7:

alas,

Verg. A. 3, 226:

pennas,

Ov. M. 4, 676; Hor. C. 3, 29, 53:

aquas,

to agitate, disturb, Ov. H. 18, 48:

cymbala,

Verg. G. 4, 64:

catenas,

Plin. Ep. 7, 27, 5: caput. Ov. F. 6, 400:

comas,

id. H. 14, 40:

quercum huc illuc,

id. M. 12, 329.—

Of earthquakes: quatitur terrae motibus Ide,

Ov. M. 12, 521:

quid quateret terras,

id. ib. 15, 71:

quatiens terram fragor,

Sil. 1, 536.—

Of the ground, by treading, marching, etc.: campum,

Verg. A. 11, 875:

campos,

id. ib. 11, 513; Sil. 1, 297:

quatitur tellus pondere,

id. 4, 199:

sonitu quatit ungula campum,

Verg. A. 8, 596:

pede ter humum,

Hor. C. 4, 1, 28:

pede terram,

id. ib. 1, 4, 7:

quatitur certamine circus,

Sil. 16, 323. —

In partic.

Of arms, weapons, reins, etc., to wield, brandish, ply, hold:

securim,

Verg. A. 11, 656:

ensem,

Sil. 1, 429:

aegida,

id. 12, 336:

scuta,

Tac. H. 2, 22:

hastam,

Petr. 124:

lora,

Sil. 16, 415; 16, 440:

largas habenas,

id. 17, 542:

verbera (i. e. flagella),

Verg. Cul. 218.—

Of the body, breast, limbs, etc., to agitate, shake, cause to tremble, etc.:

horror Membra quatit,

Verg. A. 3, 29:

anhelitus artus et ora quatit,

id. ib. 5, 199:

tussis pulmonem quatit,

Sil. 14, 601:

terror praecordia,

id. 2, 254:

pectora quatit gemitu,

Val. Fl. 5, 310.—

To beat, strike, drive:

homo quatietur certe cum dono foras,

to beat out of doors, Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 67:

Arctophylax prae se quatit Arctum, Cic. poët. N. I). 2, 42, 109: cursu quatere equum,

Verg. G. 3, 132; Sil. 12, 254.—Of things:

quatiunt fenestras juvenes,

Hor. C. 1, 25, 1:

scutum hastà,

Liv. 7, 26, 1. —

To shake, beat, or break in pieces, to batter, shatter:

urbis moenia ariete quatere,

Liv. 21, 10:

muros,

Verg. A. 2, 610:

muros arietibus,

Liv. 38, 10:

turres tremendā cuspide,

Hor. C. 4, 6, 7:

tecta quatiuntur,

Plin. Pan. 51, 1:

externas arces,

Sil. 2, 300:

Pergama,

id. 13, 36; cf.:

tonitru quatiuntur caerula caeli,

Lucr. 6, 96. —

Trop., to agitate, more, touch, affect, excite:

est in animis tenerum quiddam quod aegritudine quasi tempestate quatiatur,

Cic. Tusc. 3, 6, 12: mentem, Hor. C. 1, 16, 5:

nec vultus tyranni Mente quatit solidā (justum virum),

id. ib. 3, 3, 4:

non ego te Invitum quatiam,

id. ib. 1, 18, 12:

quatiunt oracula Colchos,

Val. Fl. 1, 743:

famā oppida,

id. 2, 122:

quatit castra clamor,

Sil. 3, 231:

tumultus pectora quatit,

Sen. Thyest. 260:

ingenium,

Tac. H. 1, 23:

animum,

Gell. 9, 13, 5:

cum altissima quaterentur, hic inconcussus stetit,

Plin. Pan. 94, 3. —

In partic., to plague, vex, harass:

quatere oppida bello,

Verg. A. 9, 608:

extrema Galliarum,

Tac. H. 4, 28. — Hence, quassus, a, um, P. a.

Lit., shaken, beaten, or broken in pieces, battered, shattered:

aula quassa,

a broken pot, Plaut. Curc. 3, 26:

muri,

Liv. 26, 51:

naves,

id. 25, 3:

faces,

i. e. pieces of pine-wood split up for torches, Ov. M. 3, 508:

rates,

shattered, leaky, Hor. C. 4, 8, 32; 1, 1, 18:

murra,

Ov. M. 15, 399:

lectus,

id. H. 11, 78:

harundo,

Petr. 69:

turres,

Sen. Thyest. 568; cf.:

multo tempora quassa mero,

Ov. R. Am. 146; cf. quasso, I. B. —

Trop.:

quassā voce,

in a broken voice, Curt. 7, 7, 20:

littera,

Quint. 12, 10, 29:

anima quassa malis,

broken down, exhausted, worn out, Sen. Herc. Fur. 1308:

quasso imperio,

Sil. 15, 7.

ālĕa, ae, f. [of uncer. origin; Curtius asserts an obscure connection with the words for bone; Sanscr. asthi; Zend, açti; Gr. osteon; Lat. os (ossis)].

A game with dice, and in gen., a game of hazard or chance. There were among the Romans two kinds of dice, tesserae and tali, Cic. Sen. 16, 58. The tesserae had six sides, which were marked with I. II. III. IV. V. VI.; the tali were rounded on two sides, and marked only on the other four. Upon one side there was one point, unio, an ace, like the ace on cards, called canis; on the opp. side, six points called senio, six, sice; on the two other sides, three and four points, ternio and quaternio. In playing, four tali were used, but only three tesserae. They were put into a box made in the form of a tower, with a strait neck, and wider below than above, called fritillus, turris, turricula, etc. This box was shaken, and the dice were thrown upon the gaming-board. The highest or most fortunate throw, called Venus, jactus Venereus or basilicus, was, of the tesserae, three sixes, and of the tali when they all came out with different numbers. The worst or lowest throw, called jactus pessimus or damnosus, canis or canicula, was, of the tesserae, three aces, and of the tali when they were all the same. The other throws were valued acc. to the numbers. When one of the tali fell upon the end (in caput) it was said rectus cadere, or assistere, Cic. Fin. 3, 16, 54, and the throw was repeated. While throwing the dice, it was customary for a person to express his wishes, to repeat the name of his mistress, and the like. Games of chance were prohibited by the Lex Titia et Publicia et Cornelia (cf. Hor. C. 3, 24, 58), except in the month of December, during the Saturnalia, Mart. 4, 14, 7; 5, 85; 14, 1; Suet. Aug. 71; Dig. 11, 5. The character of gamesters, aleatores or aleones, was held as infamous in the time of Cicero, cf. Cic. Cat. 2, 5, 10; id. Phil. 2, 23, although there was much playing with aleae, and old men were esp. fond of this game, because it required little physical exertion, Cic. Sen. 16, 58; Suet. Aug. 71; Juv. 14, 4; cf.

Jahn,

Ov. Tr. 2, 471; Rupert. ad Tac. G. 24, 5:

provocat me in aleam, ut ego ludam,

Plaut. Curc. 2, 3, 75.—Ludere aleā or aleam, also sometimes in aleā:

in foro aleā ludere,

Cic. Phil. 2, 23, 56; Dig. 11, 5, 1: ludit assidue aleam, Poët. ap. Suet. Aug. 70:

aleam studiosissime lusit,

Suet. Claud. 33; so id. Ner. 30; Juv. 8, 10:

repetitio ejus, quod in aleā lusum est,

Dig. 11, 5, 4.—Hence, in aleā aliquid perdere, Cic. Phil. 2, 13:

exercere aleam,

Tac. G. 24:

indulgere aleae,

Suet. Aug. 70:

oblectare se aleā,

id. Dom. 21:

prosperiore aleā uti,

to play fortunately, id. Calig. 41.— Trop.: Jacta alea esto, Let the die be cast! Let the game be ventured! the memorable exclamation of Cæsar when, at the Rubicon, after long hesitation, he finally decided to march to Rome, Suet. Caes. 32, ubi v. Casaub. and Ruhnk.—

Transf., any thing uncertain or contingent, an accident, chance, hazard, venture, risk:

alea domini vitae ac rei familiaris,

Varr. R. R. 1, 4:

sequentes non aleam, sed rationem aliquam,

id. ib. 1, 18:

aleam inesse hostiis deligendis,

Cic. Div. 2, 15:

dare summam rerum in aleam,

to risk, Liv. 42, 59:

in dubiam imperii servitiique aleam ire,

fortune, chance, id. 1, 23:

alea belli,

id. 37, 36:

talibus admissis alea grandis inest,

Ov. A. A. 1, 376:

periculosae plenum opus aleae,

Hor. C. 2, 1, 6: M. Tullius extra omnem ingenii aleam positus, raised above all doubt of his talents, Plin. praef. § 7: emere aleam, in the Pandects, to purchase any thing uncertain, contingent, e. g. a draught of fishes, Dig. 18, 1, 8; so ib. 18, 4, 7.

dē-cŭtĭo, cussi, cussum, 3, v. a. [quatio], to shake off, strike or beat off, cast off (not freq. till after the Aug. per.; not in Caes. or Cic.).

Lit.:

decussa Cydonia ramo,

Prop. 3, 13 (4, 12), 27:

lilia,

Ov. F. 2, 707:

summa papaverum capita baculo,

Liv. 1, 54:

olivas,

Plin. 15, 3, 3, § 11:

mella foliis,

Verg. G. 1, 131: honorem ( poet. for frondem) silvis, id. ib. 2, 404:

rorem,

id. ib. 4, 12:

uncum mento fixum,

Prop. 4, 1, 141 (5, 1, 141 M.):

Victoria fulmine icta decussaque,

struck down, Liv. 26, 23; cf. id. 25, 7:

pinnas muri,

id. 40, 45; 44, 8; cf.:

partem muri arietibus,

id. 32, 17:

muros ariete,

id. 33, 17:

nidos avium sagittis,

Plin. 10, 33, 50, § 97: collem decusso Labieni praesidio celeriter occupaverunt, dislodged, Auct. B. Afr. 50 fin.; cf.:

decussus Capitolio,

Val. Max. 1, 4, 2.—In comic lang.:

ex armario argenti tantum, quantum, etc.,

to shake out, Plaut. Epid. 2, 3, 4.—

Trop.: cetera aetate [p. 525] jam sunt decussa, shaken off, thrown aside, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 13, 1 (al. decursa):

ad id non accedes, ex quo tibi aliquid decuti doles,

wrested, Sen. Cons. ad Marc. 18 8 fin.

dēcŭtĭo, ire, 4, v. a. [de-cutis], to deprive of skin, to flay, Tert. ad Nat. 1, 14.